IVF laws by country: interactive map

Egg donor anonymityIdentity-release donors

People conceived through donation have the right to know who their donor is.

IVF for single womenAllowed

IVF for female same-sex couplesAllowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsVaries by state

Each state sets its own. In Victoria, eggs are kept for 10 years and embryos for 5, with extensions possible.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosNeeds regulator approval

Rules vary by state; some require regulator approval, particularly for donor material.

Surrogacy lawsAltruistic only

Paying a surrogate beyond reasonable expenses is illegal.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

Egg donor anonymityAnonymous donors

Anonymity remains the legal default until new legislation, due by June 30, 2027. Known donors are also allowed.

IVF for single womenAllowed

IVF for female same-sex couplesAllowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsTime or age limit

Embryos for 5 years, eggs and sperm for 10.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Surrogacy lawsUnregulated or varies

There's no surrogacy law, though a few hospitals accept altruistic arrangements.

Legal age limits for IVFLegal age limit

Egg retrieval up to 45; embryo transfer up to 47.

Egg donor anonymityBoth options or varies

Anonymous or known donors are permitted. Under the Assisted Human Reproduction Act 2004, donors cannot be paid.

IVF for single womenAllowed

IVF for female same-sex couplesAllowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Private clinics offer it for non-medical reasons.

Embryo and egg storage limitsNo fixed legal limit

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Importing donor eggs or sperm is prohibited unless they are processed under Health Canada's Safety of Sperm and Ova Regulations; donor embryos fall outside these rules. Buying or selling eggs, sperm or embryos is illegal.

Surrogacy lawsAltruistic only

Paying a surrogate beyond receipted expenses is prohibited.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

Egg donor anonymityAnonymous donors

Law 69(I)/2015 keeps donors anonymous.

IVF for single womenAllowed

The approval process was simplified in December 2023.

IVF for female same-sex couplesNot allowed

Female couples cannot access treatment.

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsPending verification

Pending verification.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Surrogacy lawsAltruistic only

Each arrangement needs committee and court approval.

Legal age limits for IVFLegal age limit

Up to 50. Exceptions need national authority approval.

Egg donor anonymityAnonymous donors

Anonymity is set by law, and donors get compensation rather than payment.

IVF for single womenNot allowed

Proposals to extend access remained under debate in 2026.

IVF for female same-sex couplesNot allowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsTime or age limit

There's no hard limit, but after 10 years a clinic may ask the couple in writing whether to continue and can end storage if they don't reply. No period is set for eggs or sperm.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Surrogacy lawsUnregulated or varies

No law covers it.

Legal age limits for IVFLegal age limit

Women can be treated until their 49th birthday.

Egg donor anonymityBoth options or varies

Donors choose whether to be anonymous or identifiable. Eggs come from live matched donors, not frozen egg banks.

IVF for single womenAllowed

IVF for female same-sex couplesAllowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsTime or age limit

Eggs and embryos can stay frozen until the woman turns 46.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Surrogacy lawsBanned or unavailable

Clinics cannot assist with surrogacy and paid arrangements are prohibited. Since 2025, parenthood from altruistic arrangements can be recognized.

Legal age limits for IVFLegal age limit

Treatment ends on the woman's 46th birthday.

Egg donor anonymityIdentity-release donors

New donors must agree to identity release at 18. The transition from anonymous donor stock was completed in 2025.

IVF for single womenAllowed

Opened to single women by the 2021 bioethics law.

IVF for female same-sex couplesAllowed

The same 2021 law extended access to female couples.

Elective egg freezingAllowed

No medical reason is required, within that 29 to 37 age window.

Embryo and egg storage limitsTime or age limit

Patients must confirm in writing each year that they want storage to continue.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosNeeds regulator approval

Requires authorization from the Agence de la biomédecine.

Surrogacy lawsBanned or unavailable

Legal age limits for IVFLegal age limit

Eggs can be retrieved until the 43rd birthday and embryos transferred until the 45th.

Egg donor anonymityAnonymous donors

Legal and compensated, with anonymous donors.

IVF for single womenAllowed

IVF for female same-sex couplesNot allowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsNo fixed legal limit

The law sets no maximum; the clinic contract decides.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosPending verification

Pending verification.

Surrogacy lawsCommercial allowed

Open to heterosexual couples, including foreigners.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

Egg donor anonymityEgg donation banned

The 1990 Embryo Protection Act forbids it.

IVF for single womenRestricted or clinic-dependent

Federal law doesn't ban it, but the clinic and the regional medical board decide.

IVF for female same-sex couplesRestricted or clinic-dependent

As for single women, access is decided by the clinic and the regional medical board.

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsNo fixed legal limit

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Surrogacy lawsBanned or unavailable

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

Egg donor anonymityBoth options or varies

Anonymity is the default, although identity-release donors have been allowed since Law 4958/2022.

IVF for single womenAllowed

IVF for female same-sex couplesNot allowed

Female couples are excluded, though single women remain eligible.

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsTime or age limit

5 years, renewable in 5-year periods with new consent.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Surrogacy lawsAltruistic only

Must be altruistic and court-approved, with everyone involved living in Greece.

Legal age limits for IVFLegal age limit

Up to 50, or 54 with approval from the National Authority of Assisted Reproduction.

Egg donor anonymityAnonymous donors

Donor identity stays confidential, and buying or selling gametes is a criminal offense.

IVF for single womenAllowed

Single women are covered by the ART (Regulation) Act 2021.

IVF for female same-sex couplesNot allowed

The Act covers married couples and single women only.

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Through registered ART banks.

Embryo and egg storage limitsTime or age limit

Up to 10 years.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosNeeds regulator approval

Transfer of gametes or embryos abroad is prohibited, except a patient's own material with National Board permission.

Surrogacy lawsAltruistic only

Limited to Indian married couples and certain widowed or divorced women.

Legal age limits for IVFLegal age limit

Women 21 to 50; men 21 to 55.

Egg donor anonymityIdentity-release donors

Children conceived with donor eggs or sperm can access the donor's identity at 18.

IVF for single womenAllowed

IVF for female same-sex couplesAllowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsNo fixed legal limit

No limit is in force yet.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Clinics follow EU tissue rules: transfers to licensed clinics in other EU countries are possible, while export outside the EU needs HPRA authorization.

Surrogacy lawsUnregulated or varies

Currently unregulated. Altruistic surrogacy will become possible once the 2024 Act's provisions take effect.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

None applies until the 2024 Act takes effect.

Egg donor anonymityAnonymous donors

Made legal by a 2014 Constitutional Court ruling. Donors are anonymous and unpaid.

IVF for single womenNot allowed

Law 40/2004 limits treatment to heterosexual couples, whether married or living together.

IVF for female same-sex couplesNot allowed

Excluded under the same law.

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsNo fixed legal limit

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Surrogacy lawsBanned or unavailable

Since 2024, it is also a crime for Italian citizens to use surrogacy abroad.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

The law only refers to "potentially fertile age" without giving a number.

Egg donor anonymityEgg donation banned

The Malaysian Medical Council guideline (V2/2025) states that gamete and embryo donation is not permissible. Enforcement is still being discussed between doctors and the authorities.

IVF for single womenNot allowed

Only legally married couples qualify. Unmarried individuals can still preserve their fertility.

IVF for female same-sex couplesNot allowed

Elective egg freezingMedical grounds or preservation only

Fertility preservation is permitted for unmarried individuals; elective freezing is not separately addressed.

Embryo and egg storage limitsNo fixed legal limit

No maximum period is set; storage terms come from the clinic's consent forms.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosNeeds regulator approval

Moving eggs or embryos in or out of Malaysia needs approval under the National ART Policy, so check with your clinic before planning a transfer.

Surrogacy lawsBanned or unavailable

The National ART Policy prohibits it.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

The guideline sets none, and each clinic decides.

Egg donor anonymityAnonymous donors

Anonymous donation is the norm, as no federal law sets donor rules.

IVF for single womenAllowed

Left to each clinic's policy.

IVF for female same-sex couplesAllowed

Depends on the clinic.

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsNo fixed legal limit

Export of frozen eggs and embryosNeeds regulator approval

Sending human cells or tissue out of Mexico needs a COFEPRIS exit permit, which asks for the receiving clinic's license and acceptance letter.

Surrogacy lawsUnregulated or varies

Regulated state by state. Tabasco and Sinaloa have specific laws, and a 2021 Supreme Court ruling struck down limits based on nationality and sexual orientation.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

Egg donor anonymityIdentity-release donors

Set out in the Donor Information Act.

IVF for single womenAllowed

IVF for female same-sex couplesAllowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsNo fixed legal limit

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Surrogacy lawsAltruistic only

Paid arrangements are prohibited.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

Professional guidelines set the limits instead.

Egg donor anonymityIdentity-release donors

Children born from donation can learn who the donor is.

IVF for single womenAllowed

IVF for female same-sex couplesAllowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsTime or age limit

Embryos are stored for up to 3 years, extendable by another 3 years at the couple's request.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Surrogacy lawsBanned or unavailable

A surrogacy law exists on paper, but it has never been put into practice.

Legal age limits for IVFLegal age limit

Treatment stops at the woman's 50th birthday.

Egg donor anonymityAnonymous donors

Required by Law 14/2006.

IVF for single womenAllowed

IVF for female same-sex couplesAllowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsTime or age limit

There's no fixed number of years. Storage lasts as long as doctors consider the woman able to carry a pregnancy.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Surrogacy lawsBanned or unavailable

Any surrogacy contract is void under Spanish law.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

Egg donor anonymityIdentity-release donors

IVF for single womenAllowed

Single women have had access since 2016.

IVF for female same-sex couplesAllowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsTime or age limit

10 years, which can be extended.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Surrogacy lawsBanned or unavailable

Swedish healthcare does not offer it.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

Public funding has its own age cutoffs.

Egg donor anonymityBoth options or varies

Known donors only, such as a friend or relative of the intended parents. Commercial donation is not allowed; reasonable expenses can be paid.

IVF for single womenNot allowed

IVF is limited to legally married couples; single women can freeze eggs.

IVF for female same-sex couplesNot allowed

The ART Act still refers to husband and wife. An amendment aligning it with the 2025 Marriage Equality Act was in public consultation in 2026.

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsNo fixed legal limit

There's no time limit for frozen embryos or gametes.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosExport banned

Frozen eggs and embryos cannot leave Thailand, but they can be moved between licensed Thai clinics. A proposed amendment would allow export with committee approval.

Surrogacy lawsAltruistic only

Limited to married couples where at least one spouse is Thai.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

The ART Act sets no age limit for women, so each clinic sets its own.

Read the full guide to IVF laws in Thailand.

Egg donor anonymityEgg donation banned

Banned, and so is going abroad for donor treatment.

IVF for single womenNot allowed

IVF is limited to married couples using their own eggs and sperm.

IVF for female same-sex couplesNot allowed

Elective egg freezingMedical grounds or preservation only

Single women can freeze eggs only on specific medical grounds.

Embryo and egg storage limitsTime or age limit

Up to 5 years; longer storage needs Ministry of Health permission, and couples must confirm in writing each year.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosExport banned

The regulation only allows frozen embryos to move to another center within Turkey, so there's no legal route to send them abroad.

Surrogacy lawsBanned or unavailable

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

Egg donor anonymityAnonymous donors

Donors are anonymous and compensated.

IVF for single womenAllowed

IVF for female same-sex couplesNot allowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Embryo and egg storage limitsNo fixed legal limit

Ukrainian legislation does not set a storage period for embryos.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Transporting embryos abroad is not prohibited, but the conditions are not set out in detail.

Surrogacy lawsCommercial allowed

Available to married heterosexual couples with a documented medical need.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

The woman only has to be an adult; no upper age is set in law.

Egg donor anonymityEgg donation banned

Only the couple's own eggs and sperm may be used.

IVF for single womenNot allowed

Treatment is for married couples and, since 2023, unmarried non-Muslim couples.

IVF for female same-sex couplesNot allowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Permitted for medical or non-medical reasons since 2021. Single women can freeze eggs but can use them only after marriage, with the husband's sperm.

Embryo and egg storage limitsTime or age limit

Embryos can be frozen for up to 5 years, extendable with the consent of both parties.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosNeeds regulator approval

Federal Law 7/2019 bans sending eggs, sperm or embryos abroad except under its implementing rules, which require licenses at both centers and the couple's signed consent.

Surrogacy lawsUnregulated or varies

Permitted for non-Muslim couples since 2023, with detailed rules left to each emirate.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

Neither the 2019 law nor its 2020 rules set an age limit; a medical certificate confirming the pregnancy is safe is required.

Egg donor anonymityIdentity-release donors

Donors agree to be identifiable to any child born from their donation.

IVF for single womenAllowed

Available at HFEA-licensed clinics.

IVF for female same-sex couplesAllowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

No medical reason is needed.

Embryo and egg storage limitsTime or age limit

Up to 55 years, with consent renewed every 10 years (rules in force since July 2022).

Export of frozen eggs and embryosNeeds regulator approval

Possible when HFEA export conditions are met; otherwise a special direction from the HFEA is required.

Surrogacy lawsAltruistic only

The surrogate can be paid reasonable expenses only.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

Egg donor anonymityBoth options or varies

Donors can be anonymous or open-identity. Colorado now requires donors to agree to identity disclosure at 18 for donations made from 2025.

IVF for single womenAllowed

IVF for female same-sex couplesAllowed

Elective egg freezingAllowed

Widely offered for non-medical reasons.

Embryo and egg storage limitsNo fixed legal limit

Your clinic contract sets how long material is kept.

Export of frozen eggs and embryosAllowed between licensed centers

Shipping between clinics is routine.

Surrogacy lawsUnregulated or varies

Each state has its own rules. Commercial surrogacy is permitted in many states and restricted in others.

Legal age limits for IVFNo legal limit

Each clinic decides its own upper age.